Open evaporating train and furnace for cane-juice



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OPEN EVAPORATING YTRAIN AND PURNAGE POR GANE JUICE, w.

No. 265%024. 'Patenm sept-26, M882.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 2. F. 000K, OPEN EVAPORATING TRAIN AND PURNAGB FOR GANE JUICE, es. l No. 265,024. Patented Sept. 26, 1882.

(No Model.)

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(N0 Model.) -3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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@PEN EVABORATING TRAIN AND PURNAGE POR GANE JUICE, @5o. No. 265,024* Patented Sept. 26, 1882.

FIGS

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FREDERIC oook, on NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

OPEN EVAPRATING TRAINAND FURNACE FO'R CANE-JUICE, dc.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 265,024, dated September 26, 1882.

Application filed anuary 25, 1882. (No model.)

zen ofthe United States, residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inUpen Evaporatin g Trains and Furnaces forGane-Juice and other Liquids, to work with direct heat from bagasse orother fuels, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates Vto open evaporating-` trains for making sirup from cane-juice, composed ofevaporators ot' large lire-surface work` ing with direct heat from bagasse and other fuel, and arranged so that no juice has to be passed from one evaporator to another, that the heat and train can be regulated at Will with'- out disturbing combustion infurnace, and so that each evaporator can be boiled fast or slow, as desired, to give an opportunity to clean the juice, with other improvements hereinafter described. I attain these objeetsby the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in three sheets, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the train and furnace and setting. Fig.`2 is a plan of the train and a horizontal section of furnace and setting. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of furnace and end View of train.. Fig. 4 is a vertical section of train iue and setting and back end of train. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of front evaporator and part of the next one and part of setting. Fig. isafront view of a water damper and evaporator and cross-section of a portion of Hue-Walls. 7 is a horizontal section of part of back end of an evaporator through tubes with part of walls and steam-jet pipes. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 are on an enlarged scale. Fig. 8 is a plan of a double or twin train, with horizontal section through double or twin furnaces. Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section of Fig. 8 or Fig. l1. Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-section through twin furnaces. Fig. 1l is a plan of double twin train and furnaces arranged with a passage between trains which are directly opposite central line of furnaces. Figs. 8, 9, l0, and 11 are on a reduced scale.

Prior to :my invention open trains of evap orators have been used to work with heat from bagasse, in which the juice was passed from kettle to kettle as it became reduced in density; nbut no means have hitherto been provided for regulating the heat `on the ltrain so that it could he increased or diminished, and at same time provide a uniform draft for combustion of the bagasse fuel; nor has any means been hitherto provided for regulating the boiling ot' each separate evaporator so as to enable the juice to be cleaned during a slow boil, or the heat increased so as to boil with rapidity at the will ot' the sugarmaker, or the heat turned oli' when sirup is drawn off, all whiehradvantages have hitherto only been possessed by evaporators working with steam heat, but which I accomplish with direct heat at a great saving of cost offuel'.

I do Ilot wish to confine myself to trains of evaporators, as described, in which the juice as in my trains the juice can be equally as well passed from one evaporator to another (as fast as the juice is cleaned from scum) by means ot' steam-siphons or any other well-known means.

The juice is tirst clarified in separate clarifiers, passed into my direct-heat evaporators, cleaned again, and boiled to sirup in same evaporator the juice first enters. The sirnp is not passed from one evaporator to another,

can be boiled to sugar in a steam open pan or a vacuum-pan.

In the drawings, A B C are open evaporating-pans, preferably of wrought metal, and have tubes D expanded into ends or otherwise suitably fastened, and passing from yend to end longitudinally near bottom of pan. l

The bagasse from mill falls through opening E ontoA hearth of furnace F and forms a haystack shape. The main furnace F has a small furnace, G, outside, provided with grates, in which is burned wood or coal, the heat from which assists in burning the bagasse. The bagassefurnace F and the trainwalls H have air-spaces I J in them. The air-space J is dividedr from the air-space I by solid brickwvork, as shown at K, Figs. 3 and 4, and at K in dotted lines, Fig. 1, where also the air-spaces I and J are shown in dotted lines connecting IOO less necessary a large supply of cold air, which is continually cooling the furnace; or the cold air maybe admitted at back end of train-walls into air-passages, becomes heated, and enters bagasse-burner through openings in lining, as shown at N. When cold air is thus admitted at back end, the air-spaces 'I J are made one by the omission of the division K. The heat from furnace passes into ue P, under the evaporators, and through tubes l), which pass through thejuice.

At the back of the train is a damper, Q, balanced by a weight, It.

At S is an arch, which runs longitudinally the length of the train and divi-des the space under it into two flues, P and T.

The damper Q is represented closed over line T, so all the heat passes into i'iue'P under the train; but by raising damper Q a portion of flue T becomes open to the draft, and as it opens a portion of tine P becomes closed, or entirely so, it' desired.

The tire can be regulated at will on train, as above described, and. at same time preserve a uniform draft to chimney for combustion of the bagasse fuel, even when the evaporators are quite shut olf.

To regulate heat or boiling of each separate evaporator, I employ a damper, U, opposite each front end of evaporators. It extends across walls of train and rests on rollers V, so it is easily moved by handle W. The damper U,I find most durable when made water-tight of boiler-plate and containing water, which is supplied from au overhead tank (not shown) through pipe X. Any steam generated rises through pipe Y, whose upper end turns over edge of tank always under the water-line, so the steam condenses again into water. The

'damper U is made three or four inches thick,

of two-plates of boiler-iron preferred, and, made vperfectly water-tight, has tubes L' ex-l panded into it corresponding in dialneter and distance apart with tubes D in evaporators. .It will be seen from this arrangement that, the damper U being rolled backward or forward, the tubes D can be either wholly exposed to the fire, entirely closed, or graduated to any desired opening, according to the condition of the juice inside. Also, when drawing oil sirup, by closing the damper any burning or charring on thejuice-surface of tubes is prevented, although in regular workingI prefer not to draw sirup below center of tubes and then recharge with juice. A damper made of tile will also answer the same purpose', but is not as durable as a water-damper; or damper U may be made without tubes L' through it, of plain sides, and no holes for tubes, and be worked up or down in front of pans with a vertical motion. The ends of evaporators are faced with tiles Z preferably, and the tiles are permanently fastened with bolts to pan as a protection against the heat.

The discharge-pipe A' is provided with a supply-elbow, B', entering side of evaporator over tubes D. This is to provide for a circulation of juice and to prevent burning inside discharge-pipe. As the juice in portion exposed to heat boils and rises into evaporator it is fed by elbow B' from evaporator, and constant circulation ensues.

To provide for cleaningout ashes from tubes while hot, I use a steam-jet, C', at back end of each tube D. Avalve,D'.outsidebeingopened, every tube is blown out at same time. This steam-jet may also be used to check the draft through tubes and blow the fire back outof them, instead of damper U, or may be used in connection with it.

There are some cases in which it is desirable to make small evaporators of half capacity of the usual size, and to provide for such cases I set the trains side by side, as shown at Figs. 8 and 11, using twin bagasse-burners, in which half the bagasse is burned in each and charged alternately by a suitable arrangement of reversible chute. One manner is illustrated at Fig. 10,-where the small reversible chute E turns the bagasse from carrier F' to one or the other burner G' or H', or, again, there are cases where double the usual quantity of bagasse has to be burned and double the amount ofjuice evaporated. In such a case I make twin trains and burners of full size-say six hundred gallons each evaporatorand by the twin arrangement get more juice nearer the fire and better evaporation than if the pans were extended in one line on one iue, besides being better able to consume a very large quantity of bagasse in two furnaces than in one.

Otherwise than as above stated, the manner of` making, setting, and working the twin trains and burners is the same as the single one illustrated at Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, before described.

The bagasse-furnace F has a draft-door, I', and clean-out doors J. The ues P and T have clean-out doors K'.

I do-uot claim as my invention a small furnace outside a large chamber, it being shown and described in Knapps Chemistry Applied to the Arts,7 published in 1848, and has long been in use; nor do I claim to be the inventor of the bagasse-burnin g furnace; but

What l claim, and desire t-o secure by Letters Patent, is

l. A bagasse-furnace and train of evaporators arranged or set with a divided tire-line, and provided with dampers to close the heat from each evaporator, and to turn or direct the heat into a separate or independent ilue, substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.

2. The combination of the furnace F, the furnace Gr, and the divided air-flues I J for heated air, substantially as described.

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3. Evaporating tubular open pans to work than itself, and to which head the steam gen erated is returned under the water-leveiand condenses again into Water.

6. The circulating discharge-pipe A B', substantially as set fort-h.

7 A tubular evaporating-pan, as described, in combination with a registering-damper to graduate the heat in tubes, as set forth.

8. The method ot' regulating the passage of heat through tubes of open evaporating-pans working with tire heat by means of a jet of steam blown in against the draft, as set forth.

9. Twin trains of tubular open evaporatingpans acting with re heat from bagasse, in

combination with twin bagasse-burners and outside furnaces for solid fuel.

10. In a bagassefurnace having trains of evaporators of the character set forth, the arrangement in the walls ot' the furnace of longitudinal air-passages, substantially as and for 2o the purposes described.

1l. The combination, substantially as described, of an open evaporating-pan arranged to work with lire heat, and a water-damper or -ts described equivalent, located in front of 25 the pan, to direct or turn the heat partially or entirely away from said pan into another iue when the pan is empty, as and for the purposes set forth.

FREDERIC COOK y Witnesses:

THos. J. CARVER, S. GoNnI'r. 

